Increased intake of dietary fibre, from both cereal and fruit sources, could boost lung health, and may reduce the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), suggests a new study.
"This study provides the first known evidence that dietary fibre is independently associated with better lung function and reduced prevalence of COPD," wrote lead author Haidong Kan from National Institutes of Health. COPD mainly affects smokers, and is the number five cause of death worldwide. It is characterised by chronic inflammation in the small airways of the lung and leads to excessive mucus production, excessive fibrous connective tissue development (fibrosis), and degradation of proteins (proteolysis). There is no cure. Yet a reported 10 per cent of people who die from COPD are said to have never smoked in their lives, a statistic that suggests that other factors beyond smoking may play a role in the development of the disease.
Writing in the American Journal of Epidemiology, Han and co-workers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, report results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (1987-1989). The study involved 11,897 American men and women. Lung function was measured by the volume of air that could be forcibly blown out in one second, the so-called forced expiratory volume (FEV1). The researchers reported that people with the highest average fibre intake had a FEV1 that was 60.2 ml higher than subjects with the lowest average fibre intake. Moreover, the forced vital capacity (FVC) was 55.2 ml higher in people with the highest average fibre intake, compared to people with the lowest average fibre intake.
In terms of COPD risk, Han and co-workers report a 15 per cent lower risk for people with the highest versus lowest intakes of total fibre. In addition, the highest intake of cereal fibre was associated with a 17 per cent lower risk, while fruit fibre was associated with a 28 per cent lower risk. Being the first study to report such findings, more studies are clearly necessary to further support the association. Moreover, mechanistic studies are needed to explain how fibre may exert a beneficial effect. Insoluble fibre contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and cannot be dissolved in water, unlike soluble fibre. It is found in wheat or cereal bran and in most vegetables and fruits. Consumption of insoluble fibre has previously been associated with a reduced risk of obesity and diabetes, but the biological mechanism underlying the benefits has only been assumed.
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology
Published on-line ahead of print, doi:10.1093/aje/kwm343
"Dietary Fiber, Lung Function, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study"
Authors: H. Kan, J. Stevens, G. Heiss, K.M. Rose, S.J. London
Sunday, December 23, 2007
Thursday, December 20, 2007
New Years resolutions and consumers
As many consumers plan for a last blast of excess before kicking in the New Year with healthy living resolutions, functional food and dietary supplement manufacturers could leverage these goals with targeted marketing.
The Nielsen Company surveyed consumers and forecast they are to purchase more than $46mn worth of nutritional diet aids alone. The health industry is positioned to profit more than most industries this time of year as consumers look to clean up their lives and make them more value-added. "As New Year's Eve marks the end of the holiday party season, shoppers take their resolutions straight to the stores," said Todd Hale, senior vice president of consumer & shopping insights with Nielsen Consumer Panel Services.
"After weeks of enjoying lavish buffets and the vices that accompany them, consumers are looking for help to quit smoking and to lose those extra holiday pounds, propelling sales of those products straight to the top. " The analyst estimates that in January of 2007, nutritional diet aids generated 9.9 percent of their annual dollar sales, and this year sales for these products are predicted to jump more than 91 percent compared to the previous four week period. The market analyst found that consumers show strong commitment in the New Year to their health goals, but that this dedication wanes by the end of January.
After peaking at nearly $47mn worth in sales in January 2007, sales of nutritional diet aids dropped more than 14 percent to $40mn in February. Nielsen found Seattle residents are most likely to seek out nutritional diet aids for their weight loss programs. According to the analyst, this population bought 69 percent more than would be expected for a market of its size. Runners up for this position were Portland, Oregon and Cincinnati.So while supermarkets, drug stores and mass merchandisers attract holiday shoppers in December, Nielsen says they are equally busy in January, though they see a demand for entirely different products.
"The difference is that consumers are no longer searching for holiday gifts and ingredients for holiday fests, but rather, they're buying record amounts of products promising relief from those same overindulgences," said Hale. "Manufacturers of anti-smoking products and nutritional diet aids should brace themselves for a banner month."
By Clarisse Douaud, 18 Dec 2007, Nutra Ingredients USA
The Nielsen Company surveyed consumers and forecast they are to purchase more than $46mn worth of nutritional diet aids alone. The health industry is positioned to profit more than most industries this time of year as consumers look to clean up their lives and make them more value-added. "As New Year's Eve marks the end of the holiday party season, shoppers take their resolutions straight to the stores," said Todd Hale, senior vice president of consumer & shopping insights with Nielsen Consumer Panel Services.
"After weeks of enjoying lavish buffets and the vices that accompany them, consumers are looking for help to quit smoking and to lose those extra holiday pounds, propelling sales of those products straight to the top. " The analyst estimates that in January of 2007, nutritional diet aids generated 9.9 percent of their annual dollar sales, and this year sales for these products are predicted to jump more than 91 percent compared to the previous four week period. The market analyst found that consumers show strong commitment in the New Year to their health goals, but that this dedication wanes by the end of January.
After peaking at nearly $47mn worth in sales in January 2007, sales of nutritional diet aids dropped more than 14 percent to $40mn in February. Nielsen found Seattle residents are most likely to seek out nutritional diet aids for their weight loss programs. According to the analyst, this population bought 69 percent more than would be expected for a market of its size. Runners up for this position were Portland, Oregon and Cincinnati.So while supermarkets, drug stores and mass merchandisers attract holiday shoppers in December, Nielsen says they are equally busy in January, though they see a demand for entirely different products.
"The difference is that consumers are no longer searching for holiday gifts and ingredients for holiday fests, but rather, they're buying record amounts of products promising relief from those same overindulgences," said Hale. "Manufacturers of anti-smoking products and nutritional diet aids should brace themselves for a banner month."
By Clarisse Douaud, 18 Dec 2007, Nutra Ingredients USA
Survey reveals consumers still don't know nutrients well
There is still a long way to go in educating consumers on which nutrients support which systems in the body indicates a new survey from the National Women's Health Resource Center (NWHRC).
The survey found that while the majority of respondents believe they are knowledgeable about multivitamins, many do not know which vitamins and minerals are essential for specific functions in the body. For instance, when asked to choose which vitamins, from a list of examples, can help maintain healthy eyesight, only 27 percent of participants correctly identified vitamin A. For supplement formulators, this may mean their message is not being heard strongly enough by consumers. This could point supplement marketers towards wrapping their products in condition-specific formulas - thereby making it easier for consumers to address specific needs with the right nutrients. The trend to create condition-specific formulas is already well underway, with many companies targeting key health areas such as joint, cognitive or cardiovascular health.
Conducted by market research company Ipsos and funded by Wyeth Consumer Healthcare, the survey was based on 1,009 online interviews with adults 25 to 65 years of age from across the US between October 30 and November 5. The survey found that 86 percent of women say they take an active role in maintaining their health, compared to only 77 percent of the male respondents. However, men taking multivitamins proved more likely to take them consistently than women - 92 percent of men taking a multivitamin did so five to seven days per week, compared to 84 percent of women. According to NWHRC, the concern with women having an inadequate knowledge of nutrients is that they are in turn the ones most likely to take an active role in maintaining their families' health.
When the participants were asked which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the body, more than a third indicated they were not sure, or did not know it is in fact vitamin D. Furthermore, when asked to identify non-essential vitamins and minerals, only 44 percent correctly recognized that the poison arsenic is not an essential nutrient. Despite revealing that 49 percent of respondents are somewhat concerned about LDL cholesterol, the survey found that less than a quarter actually understand that some multivitamins can help lower this so-called "bad" cholesterol. The survey participants appeared to be unfamiliar with the benefits of phytosterols for heart health - only 20 percent understand that these ingredients can help lower LDL cholesterol. Other surveys have revealed similar knowledge gaps vis-à-vis dietary supplement ingredients in the past.
By Clarisse Douaud, 14 Dec 2007, Nutra Ingredients USA
The survey found that while the majority of respondents believe they are knowledgeable about multivitamins, many do not know which vitamins and minerals are essential for specific functions in the body. For instance, when asked to choose which vitamins, from a list of examples, can help maintain healthy eyesight, only 27 percent of participants correctly identified vitamin A. For supplement formulators, this may mean their message is not being heard strongly enough by consumers. This could point supplement marketers towards wrapping their products in condition-specific formulas - thereby making it easier for consumers to address specific needs with the right nutrients. The trend to create condition-specific formulas is already well underway, with many companies targeting key health areas such as joint, cognitive or cardiovascular health.
Conducted by market research company Ipsos and funded by Wyeth Consumer Healthcare, the survey was based on 1,009 online interviews with adults 25 to 65 years of age from across the US between October 30 and November 5. The survey found that 86 percent of women say they take an active role in maintaining their health, compared to only 77 percent of the male respondents. However, men taking multivitamins proved more likely to take them consistently than women - 92 percent of men taking a multivitamin did so five to seven days per week, compared to 84 percent of women. According to NWHRC, the concern with women having an inadequate knowledge of nutrients is that they are in turn the ones most likely to take an active role in maintaining their families' health.
When the participants were asked which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the body, more than a third indicated they were not sure, or did not know it is in fact vitamin D. Furthermore, when asked to identify non-essential vitamins and minerals, only 44 percent correctly recognized that the poison arsenic is not an essential nutrient. Despite revealing that 49 percent of respondents are somewhat concerned about LDL cholesterol, the survey found that less than a quarter actually understand that some multivitamins can help lower this so-called "bad" cholesterol. The survey participants appeared to be unfamiliar with the benefits of phytosterols for heart health - only 20 percent understand that these ingredients can help lower LDL cholesterol. Other surveys have revealed similar knowledge gaps vis-à-vis dietary supplement ingredients in the past.
By Clarisse Douaud, 14 Dec 2007, Nutra Ingredients USA
Wednesday, December 19, 2007
Meta-analysis supports fibre for uterus cancer protection
For every five grams of dietary fibre per 1000 calories, women may reduce their risk of endometrial cancer by over 20 per cent, suggests a new meta-analysis.
Bringing together the results of one case-cohort study and nine case-control studies, researchers led by Elisa Bandera from The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, report a strong protective effect from higher fibre consumption. Endometrial cancer is the fifth most common cancer among women worldwide - around 7,000 American women die from the disease annually - but incidence of the cancer varies more than 10-fold worldwide.
Previously, studies have reported that excessive and prolonged exposure of the endometrium (lining of the uterus) to oestrogens without progesterone can increase the risk of cancer. Moreover, it has been reported that dietary fibre may regulate oestrogen levels in the body.
Writing in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bandera and co-workers state that, on the basis of seven case-control studies, every five grams of fibre per 100 calories in the diet was associated with an 18 per cent reduction in endometrial cancer risk. Taking eight case-control studies, the researchers report that the highest dietary fibre intake was associated with a 29 per cent reduction in risk, compared to women with the lowest average intake.
"Although the current evidence, based on data from case-control studies, supports an inverse association between dietary fibre and endometrial cancer, additional population-based studies, particularly cohort studies, are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn," they concluded.
Whole grains, a rich source of phytochemicals, bran, fibre, minerals and vitamins, have been gaining increasing attention from researchers, with studies reporting reduced risks of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and colorectal cancer. Previously, intake of soy foods has been linked to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. Indeed, a study published in the British Medical Journal (2004, Vol. 328, p1285), reported that women with the highest isoflavone consumption had a 23 per cent lower risk than the lowest intake group.
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
December 2007, Volume 86, Number 6, Pages 1730-1737
"Association between dietary fibre and endometrial cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis"
Authors: E.V. Bandera, L.H. Kushi, D.F. Moore, D.M. Gifkins and M.L. McCullough
Bringing together the results of one case-cohort study and nine case-control studies, researchers led by Elisa Bandera from The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, report a strong protective effect from higher fibre consumption. Endometrial cancer is the fifth most common cancer among women worldwide - around 7,000 American women die from the disease annually - but incidence of the cancer varies more than 10-fold worldwide.
Previously, studies have reported that excessive and prolonged exposure of the endometrium (lining of the uterus) to oestrogens without progesterone can increase the risk of cancer. Moreover, it has been reported that dietary fibre may regulate oestrogen levels in the body.
Writing in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bandera and co-workers state that, on the basis of seven case-control studies, every five grams of fibre per 100 calories in the diet was associated with an 18 per cent reduction in endometrial cancer risk. Taking eight case-control studies, the researchers report that the highest dietary fibre intake was associated with a 29 per cent reduction in risk, compared to women with the lowest average intake.
"Although the current evidence, based on data from case-control studies, supports an inverse association between dietary fibre and endometrial cancer, additional population-based studies, particularly cohort studies, are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn," they concluded.
Whole grains, a rich source of phytochemicals, bran, fibre, minerals and vitamins, have been gaining increasing attention from researchers, with studies reporting reduced risks of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and colorectal cancer. Previously, intake of soy foods has been linked to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. Indeed, a study published in the British Medical Journal (2004, Vol. 328, p1285), reported that women with the highest isoflavone consumption had a 23 per cent lower risk than the lowest intake group.
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
December 2007, Volume 86, Number 6, Pages 1730-1737
"Association between dietary fibre and endometrial cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis"
Authors: E.V. Bandera, L.H. Kushi, D.F. Moore, D.M. Gifkins and M.L. McCullough
Wednesday, December 5, 2007
Cost of eating healthy low-calorie foods escalates
Low-calorie food prices are increasing far beyong the rate of inflation taking a nutritious diet out of reach of some American consumers, according to a study by the University of Washington.
Researchers Adam Drewnowski, director of the Center for Public Health Nutrition, and Pablo Monsivais, a research fellow in the center, argued that their study provides evidence that obesity is ever more an economic problem, not a personal one.
"The gap between what we say people should eat and what they can afford is becoming unacceptably wide," said Drewnowski. "If grains, sugars and fats are the only affordable foods left, how are we to handle the obesity epidemic?"
The study, published this month in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, compared the prices of more than 370 food items at three supermarket chains in the Seattle area in 2004 and 2006. Foods were stratified by quintiles of energy density and the differences in energy cost and in percent price change were tested using analyses of variance. In 2004, the researchers found the foods that are less energy-dense, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, were much more expensive than energy-dense foods, such as those high in refined grains, added sugars, and added fats.
Furthermore, the disparity in food prices worsened with time. In 2006, energy cost of foods in the bottom quintile of energy density, beverages excluded, was $18.16 per 1,000kcal as compared to only $1.76 per 1,000kcal for foods in the top quintile. The cost of low-calorie foods jumped by about 19.5 per cent over the two years, while the prices of foods rich in calories stayed stable or even dropped slightly, with a general decrease of 1.8 per cent. The general rate of food price inflation in the United States was about 5 per cent during that period, according to the US Department of Labor.
The study looked at price inflation in foods grouped by energy density, or calories per gram of food. The researchers said that because many energy-dense foods tend to be low in nutrients, people who eat energy-dense foods may consume more calories than they need. "We are an overfed but undernourished nation," said Drewnowski.
According to the report, the energy density of the American diet has allegedly risen , suggesting that consumers are seeking out lower-cost foods. It claims the finding that energy-dense foods are not only the least expensive, but also most resistant to inflation, may help explain why the highest rates of obesity continue to be observed among groups of limited economic means. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2006 only four states had a prevalence of obesity less than 20 per cent. Washington had a prevalence of obesity between 20 and 24 per cent. According to figures published by the World Health Organisation, in the year 2015 some 2.3 bn adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will suffer from obesity, a pathology that is increasingly being seen in children.
Monsivais concluded: "We need to focus on bigger-scale changes, like the farm bill or other policy measures that can address the disparity in food costs."
Research conducted by the University of Washington Center for Obesity Research had previously shown that per calorie food costs in the US and Europe were much higher for fresh produce and other recommended foods than for fats and sweets. The recent study went deeper to consider food quality as well. The project was supported by the US Department of Agriculture and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research in the National Institutes of Health.
Source: Journal of the American Dietetic Association
December 2007, Volume 107 Number 12
"The Rising Cost of Low-Energy-Density Foods"
Authors: P. Monsivais and A. Drewnowski
Researchers Adam Drewnowski, director of the Center for Public Health Nutrition, and Pablo Monsivais, a research fellow in the center, argued that their study provides evidence that obesity is ever more an economic problem, not a personal one.
"The gap between what we say people should eat and what they can afford is becoming unacceptably wide," said Drewnowski. "If grains, sugars and fats are the only affordable foods left, how are we to handle the obesity epidemic?"
The study, published this month in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, compared the prices of more than 370 food items at three supermarket chains in the Seattle area in 2004 and 2006. Foods were stratified by quintiles of energy density and the differences in energy cost and in percent price change were tested using analyses of variance. In 2004, the researchers found the foods that are less energy-dense, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, were much more expensive than energy-dense foods, such as those high in refined grains, added sugars, and added fats.
Furthermore, the disparity in food prices worsened with time. In 2006, energy cost of foods in the bottom quintile of energy density, beverages excluded, was $18.16 per 1,000kcal as compared to only $1.76 per 1,000kcal for foods in the top quintile. The cost of low-calorie foods jumped by about 19.5 per cent over the two years, while the prices of foods rich in calories stayed stable or even dropped slightly, with a general decrease of 1.8 per cent. The general rate of food price inflation in the United States was about 5 per cent during that period, according to the US Department of Labor.
The study looked at price inflation in foods grouped by energy density, or calories per gram of food. The researchers said that because many energy-dense foods tend to be low in nutrients, people who eat energy-dense foods may consume more calories than they need. "We are an overfed but undernourished nation," said Drewnowski.
According to the report, the energy density of the American diet has allegedly risen , suggesting that consumers are seeking out lower-cost foods. It claims the finding that energy-dense foods are not only the least expensive, but also most resistant to inflation, may help explain why the highest rates of obesity continue to be observed among groups of limited economic means. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2006 only four states had a prevalence of obesity less than 20 per cent. Washington had a prevalence of obesity between 20 and 24 per cent. According to figures published by the World Health Organisation, in the year 2015 some 2.3 bn adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will suffer from obesity, a pathology that is increasingly being seen in children.
Monsivais concluded: "We need to focus on bigger-scale changes, like the farm bill or other policy measures that can address the disparity in food costs."
Research conducted by the University of Washington Center for Obesity Research had previously shown that per calorie food costs in the US and Europe were much higher for fresh produce and other recommended foods than for fats and sweets. The recent study went deeper to consider food quality as well. The project was supported by the US Department of Agriculture and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research in the National Institutes of Health.
Source: Journal of the American Dietetic Association
December 2007, Volume 107 Number 12
"The Rising Cost of Low-Energy-Density Foods"
Authors: P. Monsivais and A. Drewnowski
Fibre could help cut type-2 diabetes, researchers say
Eating more cereal fibre may help reduce the risk of type-2 diabetes in women, while foods high on the glycemic index may increase the chances of developing the condition, according to two studies.
In the studies, printed in the Archives of Internal Medicine, researchers looked at the effects of the two types of foods on type-2 diabetes in Chinese women and in African-American women. The results add weight to the benefits of adding fibre to your diet in order to reduce the changes of developing diabetes, and present further opportunities for companies to develop innovative new ways to increase fibre intake. Classed as an epidemic by the World Health Organisation, at least 171m people worldwide suffer from diabetes, a figure likely to more than double to 366m by 2030. The American Diabetes Association estimates that at least 90 per cent of the 17m Americans diagnosed with diabetes have type-2.
In one study, Supriya Krishnan, of Boston University School of Public Health, and colleagues examined data from 40,078 US women who filled out a food questionnaire in 1995. The glycemic index and glycemic load-a measure of the amount of carbohydrates from glucose-were calculated. The women answered follow-up questions every two years about their weight, health and other factors. During eight years of follow-up, 1,938 participants developed type 2 diabetes. Women who ate high-glycemic index foods or a diet with a high glycemic load had a higher risk for diabetes. However, women who ate more fibre from grains had a reduced risk.
Krishnan's results showed that those women with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25, who ate about 1.5 grams of fibre per day were 59 percent less likely to develop diabetes than women who ate about 8.3 grams per day. Because high-glycemic index foods increase blood glucose levels significantly, they increase the body's demand for insulin. This can contribute to problems with the pancreas, which produces insulin, and may eventually lead to diabetes, the researchers said. Krishnan said: "Our results indicate that women can reduce their risk of diabetes by eating a diet that is high in cereal fibre.
"Incorporating fibre sources into the diet is relatively easy: a simple change from white bread to whole wheat bread or substituting a cup of raisin bran or oatmeal for a cup of corn chex or rice chex will move a person from a low fibre intake category to a moderate intake category, with a corresponding 10 percent reduction in risk."
A second study led by Raquel Villegas of Vanderbilt University Medical Center followed a group of 64,227 Chinese women for an average of five years. During the study, 1,608 of the women developed diabetes. Women who consumed more carbohydrates overall were more likely to develop diabetes, they found. The team noted that women who ate diets with a higher glycemic index and who ate more staples such as bread, noodles and rice specifically also had an increased risk. Women who ate 300 grams or more of rice per day were 78 percent more likely to develop diabetes than those who ate less than 200 grams per day.
Villegas noted that: "Given that a large part of the world's population consumes rice and carbohydrates as the mainstay of their diets, these prospective data linking intake of refined carbohydrates to increased risk of type-2 diabetes mellitus may have substantial implications for public health."
NutraIngredients.com had not seen the full results of the study prior to publication.
By Alex McNally, 5 Dec 2007, Nutra Ingredients Europe
In the studies, printed in the Archives of Internal Medicine, researchers looked at the effects of the two types of foods on type-2 diabetes in Chinese women and in African-American women. The results add weight to the benefits of adding fibre to your diet in order to reduce the changes of developing diabetes, and present further opportunities for companies to develop innovative new ways to increase fibre intake. Classed as an epidemic by the World Health Organisation, at least 171m people worldwide suffer from diabetes, a figure likely to more than double to 366m by 2030. The American Diabetes Association estimates that at least 90 per cent of the 17m Americans diagnosed with diabetes have type-2.
In one study, Supriya Krishnan, of Boston University School of Public Health, and colleagues examined data from 40,078 US women who filled out a food questionnaire in 1995. The glycemic index and glycemic load-a measure of the amount of carbohydrates from glucose-were calculated. The women answered follow-up questions every two years about their weight, health and other factors. During eight years of follow-up, 1,938 participants developed type 2 diabetes. Women who ate high-glycemic index foods or a diet with a high glycemic load had a higher risk for diabetes. However, women who ate more fibre from grains had a reduced risk.
Krishnan's results showed that those women with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25, who ate about 1.5 grams of fibre per day were 59 percent less likely to develop diabetes than women who ate about 8.3 grams per day. Because high-glycemic index foods increase blood glucose levels significantly, they increase the body's demand for insulin. This can contribute to problems with the pancreas, which produces insulin, and may eventually lead to diabetes, the researchers said. Krishnan said: "Our results indicate that women can reduce their risk of diabetes by eating a diet that is high in cereal fibre.
"Incorporating fibre sources into the diet is relatively easy: a simple change from white bread to whole wheat bread or substituting a cup of raisin bran or oatmeal for a cup of corn chex or rice chex will move a person from a low fibre intake category to a moderate intake category, with a corresponding 10 percent reduction in risk."
A second study led by Raquel Villegas of Vanderbilt University Medical Center followed a group of 64,227 Chinese women for an average of five years. During the study, 1,608 of the women developed diabetes. Women who consumed more carbohydrates overall were more likely to develop diabetes, they found. The team noted that women who ate diets with a higher glycemic index and who ate more staples such as bread, noodles and rice specifically also had an increased risk. Women who ate 300 grams or more of rice per day were 78 percent more likely to develop diabetes than those who ate less than 200 grams per day.
Villegas noted that: "Given that a large part of the world's population consumes rice and carbohydrates as the mainstay of their diets, these prospective data linking intake of refined carbohydrates to increased risk of type-2 diabetes mellitus may have substantial implications for public health."
NutraIngredients.com had not seen the full results of the study prior to publication.
By Alex McNally, 5 Dec 2007, Nutra Ingredients Europe
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